$28B GDP — largely isolated. China provides 90%+ of trade. Sanctions-busting via ship-to-ship transfers, crypto hacking ($1.7B stolen in 2022). Workers sent to Russia and China. Arms sales to Russia (artillery shells, missiles) generating revenue.
Nuclear warheads: 40-60 estimated. ICBMs tested: Hwasong-17 (15,000km range). Hypersonic glide vehicle tested. 1.2M active military personnel. 10,000+ troops sent to Russia (Ukraine front). Conventional forces significant but aging.
Kim-Putin alignment (June 2024 treaty). China as primary patron — but relationship strained by nuclear tests. Rare direct diplomacy with US failed (2018-2019 Singapore). South Korea — no reunification dialogue. Japan — historical hostility.